澳洲论文代写：园艺中的分层脆弱性

本文的目的在于对Underhill和Rimmer(2016)的文章《澳大利亚园艺中的分层脆弱性:临时移民》进行批判性分析。当人们普遍认为澳大利亚园艺的背景是临时移民时，很明显，澳大利亚的园艺直到20世纪90年代才有显著性。这是因为只有一些移民暂时被用来从事收割工作。从那时起，依赖已经发展出了两种截然不同的类型。首先是WHMs，他们是没有任何依赖的年轻旅行者。第二个重要的临时农民工群体是没有记录的工人(移民与边境保护局，2012)。虽然这一数字不太确定，但这一群体的现有证据表明，他们最近已成长为一个必不可少的收获劳动力群体。分层脆弱性概念与造成农民工工作状况差异的几个因素有关。本文探讨了安德希尔和瑞默在文章中所强调的这些观点。本文作者的研究重点是澳大利亚的园艺，以及如何利用外来务工人员在这一领域内完成生产蔬菜和水果的任务。

澳洲论文代写：园艺中的分层脆弱性

这一部门主要依靠劳动力来获取季节性收获，其中大部分是临时工人，他们通常是移民(Hanson et al.， 2007)。从这个角度来看，这篇文章认为，劳动力构成和工作性质是导致分层脆弱性的原因。这意味着某些群体比其他群体更容易接触到低工资和低于标准的工作条件。至少，正式性质的就业条件一般通过联邦园艺奖(2010)来保护。然而，这篇文章质疑就业标准是否足够体面，以及这些标准是否可以持续遵守(Hardy, 2011)。本文对这一问题进行了持续的探讨，以评价3个问题。这篇文章首先关注的问题是，劳动力的组成是否会导致员工在工作中出现明显的不同等级，其中一些人比其他人更容易受到伤害(福克，2011)。文章关注的第二个问题是收获性工作随意性和求职过程是否通过临时工农民工创造弱势群体来利用。第三，文章考察了是否存在工资、工作时间和工作强度方面的证据，以揭示某些员工是否比其他员工更容易受到伤害。文章最后对这些因素进行了分析，这些因素似乎与收获劳动力分层脆弱性有关，并考虑了政策的某些影响。

澳洲论文代写：园艺中的分层脆弱性

The aim in this essay lies in critically analysing the article namely, “Layered vulnerability: Temporary migrants in Australian horticulture” by Underhill and Rimmer, (2016). When generally viewing the context of Australian horticulture based temporary migrants, it is evident that Australian horticulture until the year 1990s had distinctiveness. This was because only some migrants temporarily were utilized for harvesting work. Reliance since then has grown over 2 distinct kind. Firstly are WHMs who are younger travellers without any dependence. The second essential temporary migrant workers group are workers who are not documented (Department of Immigration and Border protection, 2012). While there is only less certainty on the number, the available evidence on this group indicates that they have recently grown to form an essential harvest workforce part. The layered vulnerability concept is related with several factors which cause migrant workers disparities based working situation. This essay looks at elaborating such perspectives highlighted in the article by Underhill and Rimmer. The focus of the authors in this paper was on Australian horticulture and the way in which migrant workers have been utilized to accomplish tasks within this sector to produce vegetable and fruit.

澳洲论文代写：园艺中的分层脆弱性
The sector is that depends on workforce for seasonal harvesting most of which consists now of temporary workers who are generally migrant (Hanson et al., 2007). The article from this perspective takes the argument that the workforce composition and the work character are such that lead towards layered vulnerability. This implies that certain groups have more exposure to lower pay and working conditions of sub-standard nature than the others. Employment conditions, at the least, in formal nature are protected generally through the Federal Award of Horticulture, (2010). However, the article questions whether the standards of employment are decent enough and whether these can be observed consistently (Hardy, 2011). This question is explored consistently in the paper to evaluate 3 problems. First issue that the article looked at was whether composition of workforce led towards revealing distinct tiers within the workforce with some having higher vulnerability than the others (Fudge, 2011). Second issue the article looked at was whether harvest work casual nature and the processes of job search were utilized through temporary workers migrants creating groups of disadvantaged nature. Thirdly, the article looked at whether evidence is present on pay, hours at work and intensity of work to reveal whether certain workers have more vulnerability than others. The article further concluded with examining these factors, which appeared to be related with harvest workforce layered vulnerability and considered certain implications of policies.

代写：内部合同制度

古代英美地区实行的是内部合同制度，特别是始于军械库生产，需要专业知识。理论的起源有多种原因,其中之一是知识贫困资本家必须有力的合同产品的生产甚至大规模生产这些内部承包商将雇佣工匠和供应所有的必需品,地方,原材料、车间、工资、承包商和合同费用。制度有它自己的回报，工匠或工人被认为比资本家更有知识，并最终可能收取他自己的费用，但随着资本主义更强大的概念的出现，不能长久地坚持这种权力。

代写：内部合同制度

工业革命将工厂系统推向工厂系统，然后改变了一切，所有者、资本家、企业家与工人的关系更加稳定，并转变为一种固定的操作系统。本文认为，内部合同制度对那些能够控制工资、最终能够战胜知识贫乏的资本家的工人有其自身的好处。但是，随着资本主义制度在世界范围内的蔓延，被视为有形利益的资本主义制度在知识方面失去了看似权威的地位，并屈服于工业革命和工厂制度的到来。本文论述了内部合同工的优势和制度的合法性，这种制度如果长期存在，就可以使他们与资本家平起平坐。

代写：内部合同制度

Inside contract system was practiced in the ancient American and British regions which especially started with the armoury production requiring specialised knowledge. The origin of the theory had multiple reasons, one of which was the knowledge poor capitalist who had to forcefully contract the production and even mass production of products to these inside contractors who would then hire craftsmen and supply all the necessities, place, raw materials, workshop, wages, and contractual fees to the contractor. The system had its own rewards where the craftsmen or the worker was considered knowledge rich than the capitalist, and could eventually and possibly charge his own rates, but with the dawn of the notion of capitalist being more powerful could not cling to that authority for long.

代写：内部合同制度
The industrial revolution which pushed the workshop system to factory system then changed everything and the relationship of the owner, capitalist, entrepreneur with the workers was more stabilised and converted to a fixed system of operations. This essay argues that inside contract system had its own benefits to workers who could control their wages and could have eventually overpowered the knowledge-poor capitalists. But with the capitalistic system being spreading worldwide and to be considered as a tangible gain lost its seemingly authoritative position in terms of knowledge, and gave in to the advent of industrial revolution and factory system. The essay presents the advantages of inside contract workers and the legitimacy of the system which on its persistence for a longer period could have made them equivalent to the capitalists, though it has its own flipsides too which will also be discussed here.